CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Development of the MIIPS (Multipurpose Interactive Image Processing System) package of programs, was undertaken in Spring, 1981 in the Physics Department at the University of Michigan (UM) under my direction, starting from a software package known as ROO (Reducing Observations Optimally) transmitted to us by Susan Simpkin. ROO is the name Dr. Simkin gave to the exported version of the PANDORA package of programs developed at Mt. Stromlo and Sliding Springs Observatory (MSSO), Australia. MIIPS is designed to display and analyze several kinds of astronomical and scientific data, such as one- and two-dimensional photometric and spectroscopic data. Several different plotting and display devices are currently supported, however with the advent of color workstations, more effort has gone into support for the pseudocolor display server, SAOimage. The code operates on a VAX computer running under VMS, Version 4.X and higher. Portions of the package, e.g., the communications interface for SAOimage, an enhanced version of SAOimage, the nonlinear least squares modules, the binary star combined solution, the plot package, and the grades package also will work under Unix. Because of the popularity of Linux workstations, effort has gone into making sure that the programs are compatible with the Linux flavor of Unix. Following my depature from the Physics Department, development of MIIPS continued in the Astronomy Department of the University of Michigan from the summer of 1988 to the summer of 1989, in the Physics and Astronomy Department of Oklahoma State University form 1989 to 1992, and in the Physics and Astronomy Department of Georgia State University up to the present. The command structure for these programs is based on a simplified version of the Groningen Image Processing System (GIPSY) which was transfered to the MSSO VAX by R. D. Ekers. The native data structure for the one- and two-dimensional disk files (which can contain several maps) was constructed by Greg Quinn and Denis Warne at MSSO after extensive group consultation with a committee at the Australian Astronomical Observatories (AAO) consisting of A. Bosma (MSSSO), R. Ekers (University of Groningen/MSSSO), B. Newell (MSSSO), J. Straede (AAO), P. Wallace (AAO), and D. Warne (MSSSO). Its official name is Standard Astronomical Data (SAD). This data format is similar in keyword structure to the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) tape format of Wells, Greisen, and Harten (1981). The actual disk structure for the data is VAX VMS independent and can be directly and rapidly copied to tape with the VAX COPY utility. Standard FITS tape writing and tape reading programs can also be used to transport this data. (The tape read and write programs are MTREAD and SADFITS, respectively.) There are also import and export options within MIIPS itself to convert between FITS disk files and SAD. The original application programs in use at MSSO and later at the Midwestern Astronomical Data Reduction Facility (MADRAF) were collected from a range of sources. The programming languages are FORTRAN77, VAX Macro, and C. The key subprograms Page 2 dealing with image arithmetic were written by Greg Quinn and Reet Valek at MSSO. As mentioned above, the SAD format subprograms were written by Greg Quinn and Denis Warne. Some plotting primitives were also written by Greg Quinn. A subroutine which handles user input and which is in worldwide use was written by Ralph Ekers. Most of the software for the options within MIIPS has been extensively rewritten and new software added by me. Most notable among the new additions are a plotting package which can address several different plot devices and display devices, galaxy image modeling and surface photometry routines, various utility programs for manipulating and editing images and data, linear and nonlinear least squares routines, and display routines for a Grinnell, a Trapix, and SAOimage. Contributions to some of the speckle analysis programs were made by James Haywood of The University of Michigan. To run the main package of programs, the user, who must have group privileges and the proper login command file, simply enters the word MIIPS. The user is then prompted for an option, which takes the form of a two or three letter mnemonic. Further prompting by the routine then occurs as the user is asked questions about file names, commands, and choices. These are saved in a file called OP.SVE (if the command was OP), and may be recalled automatically the next time that operation is performed by entering .OP (see also below). The SVE files can be examined from the program once they are created (the command is SVE). There is an online help facility which gives short descriptions of the commands or an example of any one command. The USRINP and MESSAGE routines also write to a log file (MIIPS.LOG) which details all of the input to and output from the terminal. Extensive numerical output is written to xxx.SAD or FORxxx.DAT files. Volume I of this documentation includes a brief description of MIIPS, its options, and associated useful programs and subprograms. It is intended to be a user guide for MIIPS. As of this writing, 1999, not all of the documentation is complete. Also, not all of the MIIPS options have been fully debugged, especially the ones connected with spectroscopy. A listing of the help files will be found in Volume II, but only the summary of the options is up to date; many of the examples are definitely not up to date. Volume III contains detailed explanations of various subroutines used in MIIPS and the related programs. These are mostly up to date. The MIIPS package and associated programs are freely available to interested persons. Since development of the software is an ongoing process, it is advisable to procure updates at regular intervals. The entire package can be downloaded from http://www.chara.gsu.edu/~gudehus/miips.html. All questions and requests for tape or CD copies should be directed to me at gudehus@chara.gsu.edu. Version History 1.0 Initial Version, support for Grinnell and plot package, 1982 2.0 Support for Trapix, and other improvments, 1988 Page 3 2.1 Support for Enhanced SAOimage and xterm, 1992 2.2 Further improvements, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004 The author would like to acknowledge the support of U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the hospitality and support of the Astronomy Department at the University of Michigan, the Physics and Astronomy Department at Oklahoma State University, Emory University, and the Physics and Astronomy Department at Georgia State University. Donald H. Gudehus